Biomass Gasification

Biomass gasification allows the conversion of different biomass feedstocks to a more convenient gaseous fuel that can then be used in conventional equipment (e.g., boilers, engines, and turbines) or advanced equipment (e.g., fuel cells) for the generation of heat and electricity.

Fengyu offers the best biomass power plant and gasifiers on the market. We provide solutions in different sizes and capacities to suit your needs, no matter which feedstocks you are using. With our customized service, you have ultimate flexibility when it comes to designing a gasifier that meets your specific requirements.

Flow Chart

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Quick Q&A

What is a Biomass Gasification System?

Biomass gasification is a thermochemical conversion process in which biomass or prepared waste feedstock is heated under controlled, oxygen-limited conditions to produce combustible syngas. Unlike direct combustion, gasification converts the feedstock into a usable fuel gas that can be further conditioned and utilized for power generation, thermal applications, or combined heat and power (CHP) systems. This process provides an efficient route for energy recovery from biomass and selected solid waste streams.

The system can be applied in captive power generation, off-grid power supply, and grid-connected power projects, and is particularly suitable for islands, remote areas, industrial facilities, agricultural processing sites, and distributed energy systems. By utilizing locally available biomass residues or prepared waste-derived feedstock, the system can reduce dependence on diesel generation and improve overall energy security and resource utilization.

A typical gasification system includes feedstock preparation, gasification, gas cleaning, and power generation. Feedstock is first processed through size reduction, screening, and drying to meet gasifier requirements. It is then converted inside the gasifier into syngas through drying, pyrolysis, partial oxidation, and reduction reactions. The resulting gas is cleaned to remove particulates, tar, moisture, and other contaminants before being supplied to the power generation unit. For MSW applications, the system can also be integrated with a plasma reactor for advanced gas treatment, helping reduce hazardous compounds such as dioxins and other persistent pollutants.

Flow Chart of Fluidized-Bed Biomass Gasifiers

Flow Chart of Fluidized-Bed Biomass Gasifiers

Flow Chart of Fixed-Bed Biomass Gasifiers

Flow Chart of Fluidized-Bed Biomass Gasifiers Flow Chart of Fixed-Bed Biomass Gasifiers

Note: This flow chart is subject to changes based on varying circumstances and the specific requirements of our valued customers. Please be aware that updates and adjustments maybe necessary to ensure the most accurate and tailored design for each unique situation.

Parameters of Biomass Gasifiers

Fluidized-Bed Biomass Gasifiers

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Ash removing method:Dry Type (screw-conveyor collection & discharge)

Application Range, Capacity & Key Advantages

Our Fluidized Bed Gasification System is designed for large-scale, continuous biomass gasification applications and has been successfully operated in projects ranging from 200 kW to 2 MW. Using a continuous air-blown gasification process, the system is especially suitable for customers who require stable long-term operation for power generation. Compared with fixed-bed gasification, fluidized bed gasification offers several significant advantages, including more stable operation, the absence of local combustion hot spots, higher syngas heating value, and higher overall gasification efficiency. These features make it particularly well suited for 24-hour continuous operation and ideal for supplying fuel gas to gas engines for power generation, where system stability is of critical importance.

Biomass Gasification Principle (Brief Overview)

Biomass gasification is the process of converting solid biomass into combustible gas under specific thermodynamic conditions with a limited oxygen supply. In this process, biomass undergoes incomplete combustion and a series of thermochemical reactions, producing syngas mainly composed of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H₂), methane (CH₄), and other low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. The gasification process generally includes four basic reaction stages: drying, pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction. During drying, moisture in the feedstock evaporates as the material is heated. During pyrolysis, volatile components are released, leaving behind fixed carbon and ash. In the oxidation stage, part of the carbon reacts with oxygen and releases heat, which provides the energy required for the entire process. In the reduction stage, endothermic reactions convert carbon, carbon dioxide, and steam into combustible gases such as CO and H₂. In an actual fluidized bed gasifier, these stages are not sharply separated, but instead overlap and interact throughout the reactor, resulting in relatively uniform temperature distribution and stable gasification conditions.

Why We Use Wet Gas Purification

In biomass gasification, tar is typically present in the produced syngas, and effective tar removal is essential for stable downstream use. Tar can combine with moisture and particulates, leading to pipeline blockage, corrosion, and serious damage to equipment such as gas engines and gas turbines. Based on our extensive project experience, we adopt a wet gas purification system, which we consider the most practical and reliable solution for biomass gasification power generation. A wet cleaning system can operate continuously, allowing tar to precipitate into the washing liquid for collection, recovery, and treatment. In contrast, if a dry cleaning system is used, tar tends to adhere to the walls of coolers and internal surfaces, which makes cleaning and maintenance much more difficult and can negatively affect long-term operational stability. For power generation projects that require continuous and reliable engine operation, wet scrubbing provides better performance and greater overall system stability.

Purification Process & Gas Quality Results (Tar/Dust < 20 mg/Nm³)

Our fluidized bed gas purification system employs a multi-stage gas cleaning and cooling process to ensure excellent syngas quality. The purification train typically includes primary inertial dust removal, secondary dry cyclone separation, multi-stage spray scrubbing, multi-stage Venturi scrubbing, packed-bed filtration for dust removal, cooling and tar reduction, a Roots blower, alkaline washing with gas-water separation, tar filtration, and electrostatic tar removal. In our standard configuration, the system includes three dry particle separators, six washing stages, one gas-water separator, two filters, and one electrostatic precipitator, all working together to achieve highly effective gas purification. After passing through this treatment process, the dust and tar content in the syngas can typically be controlled to below 20 mg/Nm³, which helps ensure clean gas quality and safe, stable operation in power generation applications.

Recommended Feedstocks & Feedstock Requirements

Our Fluidized Bed Gasification System is suitable for a variety of biomass feedstocks, especially wood chips, rice husks, and straw. To achieve the best gasification performance and maintain stable system operation, we generally recommend feedstock with a moisture content below 15% and a particle size of 10 mm or less. Proper control of feedstock moisture and size helps improve gasification efficiency, reduce operational fluctuations, and support consistent syngas quality for long-term continuous running.

Fixed-Bed Biomass Gasifiers

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All-in-One Compact Design (Easy Transport & Installation)

Our fixed-bed gasification system is built as an all-in-one, compact integrated unit, with key components engineered into a single, unified machine. This design significantly simplifies transportation, on-site installation, and commissioning, making it ideal for projects that need a fast, efficient deployment process. Thanks to its compact footprint and integrated layout, the system is also easier to operate and manage, with streamlined interfaces and reduced on-site piping and assembly work. For customers seeking a reliable fixed-bed solution with lower installation complexity and quicker project execution, our all-in-one fixed-bed gasifier provides a highly practical and user-friendly option.

Key Advantages of Fixed-Bed Gasification

Fixed-bed gasification is a proven and widely adopted solution for small to medium-scale biomass gasification. Its design is compact, mechanically simple, and cost-effective, making it a practical choice for projects that value easy operation, straightforward maintenance, and stable long-term use. With fewer moving parts and a relatively simple reactor structure, fixed-bed systems are often easier to install, operate, and service—especially in locations where maintenance resources are limited.

Fixed-Bed vs. Fluidized Bed: Main Differences

Compared with fluidized bed gasification, fixed-bed gasification typically features a simpler reactor structure and lower investment and operating complexity, which can be advantageous for smaller-capacity applications. Fluidized bed systems, on the other hand, are generally more suitable for large-scale, continuous 24-hour operation and can deliver higher efficiency and more uniform reaction conditions due to better mixing and temperature distribution in the reactor. In terms of feedstock flexibility, fixed-bed gasifiers usually require more consistent feedstock preparation to ensure stable operation and avoid bridging, channeling, or incomplete gasification. For this reason, feedstock with larger particle sizes and 15% or higher moisture content needs to be pelletized into briquettes before processing in fixed-bed gasifiers. Proper feedstock sizing and moisture control help maintain stable gas flow, reduce operational fluctuations, and improve overall gas quality.

Feedstock Types

Wood Chips

Rice Husk

Sawdust

Cornstalk

Palm Kernel Shell

Wood Pellet

Chicken/Cow Manure

Bagasse

Coal Dust

Coconut Shell

Note: Our compatible feedstock extends beyond the listed items.

Please contact us for more information on raw materials.

Feedstock Consumption Rate

Contact us for more details on other feedstock.

Note:

The feedstock consumption rate may fluctuate within a certain range due to different moisture levels after drying and variations in biomass feedstock.

The provided data pertains to fluid bed gasifying furnaces. For fixed bed gasifying furnaces, feedstock consumption is expected to be higher than the figures stated here.

The data presented is based on our machine. If customers choose to use an engine from another manufacturer, there may be fluctuations in the data.

Syngas Composition

Normally, after our gasification process, the calorific value is more than 5.83 MJ/Nm³, and the tar and dust levels are less than 23 mg/Nm³, with a treated temperature lower than 45 degrees Celsius

Quick Q&A

How do I know which models fit my project?

Determining the most suitable models for your project depends on the characteristics of the feedstock, notably its quantity, caloric value, and moisture content, which directly impact electricity generation. The expected hourly electricity yield influences the gasifier's size. Typically, feedstock with less than 15% moisture content and grain sizes equal to or smaller than 10 mm is recommended for fluidized-bed gasifiers. Conversely, feedstock with larger sizes and 15% or higher moisture content needs to be pelletized into briquettes before processing in fixed-bed gasifiers.

What is recommended to prepare before sending the inquiry?

What's advised before sending your inquiry is to have a caloric report for the feedstock, the geographical specifics of the project site (including altitude and temperature), the expected hourly electricity generating capacity, and the operational schedule (whether it's continuous 24/7 or an 8-hour-per-day operation). Having these details allows us to promptly and accurately respond with a quotation. If you don't have all the information, it's fine, but providing at least the feedstock details would enable us to offer a general quotation and plan.

Can mixed feedstock be processed together?

Yes, mixed feedstock can often be processed together in gasification. Gasifiers are designed to handle various types of feedstock, including mixtures of different materials like biomass, coal, municipal solid waste, or agricultural residues. The success of processing mixed feedstock together depends on several factors, including the composition of the materials, particle size, moisture content, and the design of the gasification system. Adjustments to the gasification parameters may be needed to optimize the process.